TLDR;
This video provides an overview of basic nursing care concepts, including definitions of nursing and the role of a nurse. It explores various approaches to patient care, such as basic nursing care, patient-centered care, self-care, primary nursing, progressive patient care, and team nursing. The discussion includes the importance of holistic care, addressing physical, mental, social, and spiritual needs, and enabling patients to become as self-reliant as possible.
- Definition of nursing and the role of a nurse
- Overview of basic nursing care concepts and approaches
- Importance of holistic care and patient self-reliance
Introduction to Nursing and Basic Concepts [0:59]
The course will cover the definition of nursing, the role of a nurse, and fundamental concepts used in hospital settings. Virginia Henderson's definition of nursing is highlighted: assisting individuals, whether sick or well, with activities that contribute to health, recovery, or a peaceful death, which they would perform independently if they had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge, aiming to help them gain independence as quickly as possible. A nurse is defined as someone who has completed basic nursing education and is authorized to provide nursing services for health promotion, illness prevention, and care of the sick. Implementation in nursing involves carrying out planned care procedures for a community, family, or hospital setting after a community diagnosis.
Basic Nursing Care Concept [3:58]
Nursing care concepts involve specific approaches to caring for patients in various settings, including pediatric, medical-surgical, psychiatric, and obstetric environments. These concepts are applied by nursing personnel based on the availability of technical nurses and nursing assistants. Virginia Henderson's emphasis on helping and caring for patients is central to the basic nursing care concept, which identifies 14 basic needs of the patient. These needs include assisting with respiration, eating and drinking, elimination, maintaining desirable posture, rest and sleep, selection of clothing, and maintaining body temperature.
Holistic Approach and Helping Relationships [9:30]
A holistic approach in nursing addresses physical, mental, and social needs. Physical needs include elimination, food, comfort, and clothing, while mental and social needs encompass communication, recreation, and spiritual fulfillment. Nursing care is also based on helping relationships, aiming to help patients overcome problems and participate in their care, fostering self-reliance. Nurses initiate and control patient care, assisting when patients cannot perform tasks independently but encouraging self-care when possible.
Patient-Centered Care Approach [13:11]
The patient-centered care concept, developed by nurse theorist Faye Abdella, focuses on addressing 21 nursing problems to provide comprehensive care. These problems can be overt (apparent) or covert (hidden), requiring nurses to identify and address both. The approach aims to meet the physical, psychological, social, and biological needs of the patient holistically. Care is divided into four components: sustainable care (for those with reduced self-help ability), remedial care (to correct and treat impaired conditions), restorative care (to help patients develop new goals and live with new abilities), and preventive care (to prevent the occurrence of new problems during hospitalization).
Self-Care Concept [21:49]
Dorothea Orem's self-care concept identifies patients who require total care (wholly compensatory nursing system), where nurses compensate for all the patient's needs. It also addresses those needing partial assistance (partially compensatory system), where nurses help with tasks the patient cannot do alone. Additionally, it includes supportive educative systems, where patients can perform most tasks with education and support. The goal is to enable patients to become as self-reliant as possible, helping them regain a sense of normalcy.
Primary Nursing Concept [27:41]
The primary nursing concept promotes individualized care by assigning a nurse to be responsible for a group of patients for 24 hours, planning and assigning care even when not on duty. This approach emphasizes "my nurse and my patient," fostering a strong interpersonal relationship and better communication. The primary nurse has autonomy in planning care, authority to determine what care is given, and accountability for how care is provided, leading to more comprehensive and individualized nursing care.
Progressive Patient Care Concept [30:50]
Progressive patient care involves organizing facilities and nursing personnel based on patient progress. It includes intensive care units (ICUs) with high nurse-to-patient ratios, intermediate units for less intensive care, self-care facilities for patients able to manage daily activities, and long-term care facilities for chronic conditions requiring rehabilitation. Home care and outpatient care are also elements, ensuring continuous support. This approach optimizes resource allocation and provides tailored care based on patient needs.
Team Nursing Concept [35:45]
Team nursing involves nursing personnel with different competencies providing skills to patients, aiming to deliver effective care by utilizing the potential of all staff levels. This includes nursing aides, auxiliary nurse midwives, and technical nurses. Simple tasks are assigned to nursing aides, intermediate tasks to trained personnel, and highly technical tasks to qualified nurses. Effective team functioning requires clear division of labor, adequate resources, supportive relationships, good communication, and continuous evaluation to improve patient care.
