TLDR;
This video by Teacher Julie provides a brief background on aquaculture, covering its historical origins, evolution, and different systems. It touches on the early beliefs about the sea's inexhaustible resources, the rise of aquaculture due to population increase and unsustainable fishing practices, and the contributions of various countries like China, Rome, England, the United States, Indonesia, Japan, and the Philippines to the development of aquaculture. The lesson also defines key vocabulary and describes different types of aquaculture systems, including pond, cage, pen, raceway, and recirculating systems.
- Aquaculture's historical roots and global development are explored.
- Key vocabulary related to aquaculture is defined.
- Various aquaculture systems are differentiated and explained.
Objectives of the Lesson [0:40]
By the end of the lesson, 80% of the learners will be able to identify various ICT tools for online marketing from jumbled letter clues, demonstrate the ability to differentiate between the various aquaculture systems and their characteristics, and develop an interest in the historical origins and evolution of aquaculture practices. The lesson includes a short review where students guess ICT tools from jumbled letters and a "four pics one word" activity related to the topic.
Unlocking Content Area Vocabulary [3:56]
The lesson defines key terms related to aquaculture. Aquaculture is defined as the breeding, raising, and harvesting of fish, shellfish, and aquatic plants. A wharf is described as a platform built from the shore into the water, supported by piles. Fondation refers to making fertile by applying fertilizer or manure. Lastly, a hatchery is defined as a place where the hatching of fish or poultry eggs is artificially controlled for commercial purposes.
Brief History of Aquaculture and Fisheries [4:52]
Initially, people believed the sea could endlessly supply fish, so fish culturing was not a concern. However, population growth and illegal fishing led to a decline in natural productivity, prompting the need for aquaculture. Fish culture is believed to have originated in China, with net-making methods developed as early as 2953 BC. The Romans considered fish a delicacy and practiced fish farming, though their focus was more on consumption than scientific advancement. Jacob Obuest Falia in England was the first real inventor of practical fondation by artificial means.
Aquaculture Development in Various Countries [6:18]
Leonard Moscow, who published a book on fishing in 1590, is considered a pioneer of fish culture. In the United States, early interest in fish ponds was recorded in 1792, with the goldfish being the first species reared. The origins of fish ponds in Indonesia are debated, with some attributing them to Chinese or Malai origins, and records dating back to 1821. Japan's most original forms of fish farming include seaweed and pearl culture, with Mikimo recognized as the "king of pearl oyster culture."
Aquaculture in the Philippines [7:33]
There is no exact record of when fish cultivation started in the Philippines, but it is believed that Malay immigrants introduced the first fish ponds before the arrival of Chinese traders. Navotas and Malabon are considered the pioneering towns in the fish pond industry. Dr. Poe Valencia pioneered fish culture in the Visayas, while Talava pioneered oyster culture. Scientific fish farming began in 1940 with experiments on milkfish culture, and in the 1960s, improved milkfish culture techniques were implemented.
Aquaculture Research and Government Support [8:36]
Leading aquaculture research centers include the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC) Aquaculture Department in Tigbauan, Iloilo; the International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management in Makati; the Central Luzon State University's Freshwater Aquaculture Center in Nueva Ecija; and the Brackish Water Aquaculture Center of the Philippines. The government has established model fish farms to provide technical assistance and distribute fingerlings to fish farmers. Common freshwater species cultured include tilapia, carp, catfish, mudfish, and gourami, while milkfish and prawns are primarily cultured in brackish water ponds. Marine species culture is still largely experimental.
Types of Aquaculture Systems [9:49]
Pond culture is a common method where water is maintained in an enclosed area using dikes and bands. Cage culture involves raising fish from juvenile to commercial size in an enclosed volume of water. Pen culture is a hybrid system between pond and cage culture, where fish are raised in a volume of water enclosed on all sides except the bottom. Raceway culture raises fish in running water, allowing for denser populations. Recirculating aquaculture systems treat and reuse water, replacing less than 10% of the total water volume per day.