TLDR;
This YouTube video by Udit Pharmacy provides a comprehensive review of key concepts in Pharmacognosy, focusing on the Top 100 MCQ series. The instructor emphasizes the importance of understanding the definitions, classifications, and chemical constituents of various crude drugs. The session includes a detailed discussion of organized and unorganized drugs, alkaloids, antiseptics, and other essential categories. Additionally, the video highlights important figures in pharmacy and related fields, offering valuable insights and memory aids for exam preparation.
- Key definitions and classifications in pharmacognosy
- Organized vs. unorganized drugs
- Chemical constituents and uses of various crude drugs
- Important figures in pharmacy and related fields
Introduction [0:02]
The instructor welcomes students to Udit Pharmacy's YouTube channel and confirms that the audio and video are clear. He reminds students from Madhya Pradesh about the upcoming exams starting on August 27th and advises them to focus on the Top 20 Question Series and Top 100 MCQ Series for effective preparation. The Top 20 Question Series is available in the RGPV special batch on the Udit Pharmacy app for ₹499, while the Top 100 MCQs are covered on YouTube.
Term Pharmacognosy [3:19]
The session begins with the first question: Who coined the term "pharmacognosy"? The correct answer is C.A. Sidler in 1815. The instructor clarifies that while Sidler coined the term, Pedanius Dioscorides is considered the Father of Pharmacognosy. Pharmacognosy, initially known as Materia Medica, is derived from the Greek words "pharmakon" (drug) and "gnosis" (knowledge), meaning knowledge of drugs. Hippocrates is recognized as the Father of Modern Medicine, Sushruta as the Father of Surgery, and Galen as the first pharmacist to describe methods of preparing drugs from vegetable and animal origins. The Father of Ayurveda is Charkha, and the Father of Homeopathy is Samuel Hahnemann. Professor Mahadev Lal Shroff is the Father of Pharmacy Education in India.
Organized vs. Unorganized Drugs [8:11]
The second question asks which of the following is an unorganized drug. Morphologically, drugs are divided into organized (cellular) and unorganized (acellular) types. Organized drugs are obtained from plant parts like leaves, roots, fruits, stems, and bark, while unorganized drugs are derived from plant products like extracts, gums, resins, and latex. The correct answer is Asafoetida (Hing), also known as Devil Dung, which is an unorganized drug. Examples of organized drugs include Datura and Digitalis (from leaves), cinnamon and cinchona (from bark), and sandalwood (from wood). Unorganized drugs include opium (dried latex), aloe (dried juice), acacia (gum), and volatile oils from coriander or clove.
Alkaloids in Crude Drugs [11:50]
The third question asks which crude drug contains alkaloids. The correct answer is Belladonna, which contains atropine, an alkaloid. Belladonna is also known as Deadly Nightshade Leaf.
Antiseptics [12:55]
The fourth question asks which of the following is an antiseptic. The correct answer is benzoin. The instructor references Chapter 5, which categorizes drugs by their actions, such as laxatives, cardiotonics, carminatives and astringents. Antiseptics listed include benzoin, myrrh, neem, and turmeric.
Nutraceuticals [16:45]
The fifth question asks who coined the term "nutraceutical." The correct answer is Stephen DeFelice.
Chemical Constituents of Garlic [17:11]
The sixth question asks for the main chemical constituent of garlic. The correct answer is allicin.
Diuretics [17:44]
The seventh question asks which of the following is a diuretic. The correct answer is Punarnava. Diuretics increase the frequency of urination. Examples include Gokharu and Punarnava. Epikahana is a powerful emetic, while fat and tolubalsam are antitussives.
Organized Drugs [19:10]
The eighth question asks which of the following is an organized drug. The correct answer is ginger. Acacia, benzoin, and opium are unorganized drugs.
Father of Homeopathy [19:44]
The ninth question asks who is the father of homeopathy. The answer is Samuel Hahnemann.
Chemical Constituents of Fennel [20:00]
The tenth question asks for the main chemical constituents of fennel. The correct answer is anethole, which has carminative properties.
Tannins in Crude Drugs [20:33]
The eleventh question asks which crude drug contains tannin. The correct answer is Arjuna.
Ligatures vs. Sutures [21:05]
The twelfth question discusses sterile threads used to tie up blood vessels. Ligatures are used to tie up blood vessels, while sutures are used to stitch muscles or tissues.
Dental Analgesics [21:46]
The thirteenth question asks which of the following is a dental analgesic. The correct answer is clove. Clove oil is applied to relieve toothache.
Alkaloids in Cinchona Bark [22:37]
The fourteenth question asks which alkaloid is not present in Cinchona bark. The correct answer is quinovine. Cinchona bark contains quinine, quinidine, and cinchonine.
Identification of Isagula [23:21]
The fifteenth question asks how Isagula can be identified. The correct answer is by its swelling factor.
Ayurvedic Formulations [23:41]
The sixteenth question asks which of the following is not an Ayurvedic formulation. The correct answer is cream, which is an allopathic formulation. Ayurvedic formulations include Asava, Bhasma, and Gutika.
Family Name of Aloy [24:13]
The seventeenth question asks for the family name of Aloy (Aloe Vera). The correct answer is Liliaceae.
Agents for Gas Relief [25:07]
The eighteenth question asks for the name of the agent used to prevent and relieve gas in the stomach. The correct answer is carminative. Digestives prevent constipation, while carminatives relieve gas.
Chemical Tests for Alkaloids [26:09]
The nineteenth question asks which chemical test is not used for the identification of alkaloids. The correct answer is the Brown Trager test, which is used for glycosides, specifically anthraquinone glycosides. Tests for alkaloids include Meyer's test, Dragendorff's test, Wagner's test, and Hager's test.
Glycosides [27:40]
The twentieth question asks what glycosides are condensation products of. The correct answer is a sugar (glycone) and a non-sugar (aglycone). Glycosides are organic natural compounds found in plants and some animals, linked by a glycosidic linkage.
Fill in the Blanks [28:44]
The session includes fill-in-the-blank questions:
- The Braun Tregs test is used to detect anthraquinone glycosides.
- Killer Kilani test and Baljet test are for cardiac glycosides.
- Shark liver oil is a source of Vitamin A.
- The first effective treatment for malaria was derived from the bark of the cinchona tree.
- Gold Bitter skin test is done for the identification of tannins.
- Digitalis leaf and cinchona bark are examples of organized drugs.
- The family of Belladonna is Solanaceae.
- Probiotics are a combination of living beneficial bacteria.
Conclusion [31:35]
The instructor concludes the class, thanking the students and reminding them to stay connected through Instagram (Mithileshwar Official) and YouTube for updates. He instructs students to read Chapter Five's chart for the next class, as many exam questions come from it. He wishes them good luck with their exam preparations and announces that classes will continue daily from 7:30 to 8:30 PM.