Brief Summary
This video provides an overview of the diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders as outlined in the DSM, focusing on intellectual developmental disorder (IDD), global developmental delay (GDD), and specific developmental disorders (speech, motor, and learning). It emphasizes that these disorders manifest during early development, generally before the age of 5. The video uses visual organizers and pneumonics to aid in remembering diagnostic criteria.
- Intellectual developmental disorder (IDD) involves deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning across conceptual, social, and practical skills.
- Global developmental delay (GDD) is a placeholder diagnosis for children under 5 who fail to meet developmental milestones in areas like motor skills, social skills, and language.
- Specific developmental disorders are categorized into speech, motor, and learning disorders, each with distinct diagnostic criteria.
Introduction to Neurodevelopmental Disorders
The video introduces a review of neurodevelopmental disorders as defined in the DSM, utilizing visual aids and pneumonics to facilitate memorization of diagnostic criteria. The discussion will specifically cover intellectual developmental disorder, global developmental delay, and specific developmental disorders. A key point emphasized is that all these disorders have an onset during early development, typically within the first five years of life.
Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD)
Intellectual developmental disorder (IDD), previously known as intellectual disability, is characterized by deficits in both intellectual and adaptive functioning. These deficits span conceptual, social, and practical skills. Conceptual skills include abilities like reading, writing, and mathematics. Social skills encompass speaking, communicating, and socializing. Practical skills involve both basic and instrumental Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). Basic ADLs and instrumental ADLs can be remembered using the pneumonics "wet the bed" and "depend dollars" respectively.
Global Developmental Delay (GDD)
Global developmental delay (GDD) is defined by a failure to meet developmental milestones across multiple areas, including gross motor, fine motor, social, and language skills. GDD is typically used as a preliminary diagnosis for children under the age of five who cannot undergo formal developmental testing. Once formal testing is possible, more specific diagnoses of developmental delays can be made.
Specific Developmental Disorders
Specific developmental disorders are categorized into speech disorders, motor disorders, and learning disorders. Speech disorders include language disorder (difficulty acquiring and using language), speech sound disorder (difficulty producing specific speech sounds), fluency disorder (difficulties with speech fluency, such as stuttering), and social communication disorder (problems with verbal and non-verbal social communication). Motor disorders include developmental coordination disorder (difficulty with coordinated movements, leading to clumsiness or inaccuracy) and stereotypic movement disorder (repetitive, purposeless motor behaviors). Specific learning disorder involves difficulties in learning and using academic skills (reading, writing, or mathematics) at the level expected for the individual's age.
Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders
The video mentions other categories of neurodevelopmental disorders that are covered in separate talks: autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and tic disorders.
