FORMULACIÓN DE OXÁCIDOS- PREICFES QUÍMICA

TLDR;

This video provides a chemistry lesson focused on inorganic chemical functions, particularly relevant for students preparing for the "Prueba Saber" exam. It covers the basics of the periodic table, distinguishing between metals and non-metals, and explains how these elements react with oxygen to form oxides. The lesson further details the formation of hydroxides and oxyacids, explaining their chemical formulas and properties.

• Metals react with oxygen to form basic oxides, which then react with water to form hydroxides (bases).
• Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides, which then react with water to form oxyacids.
• The video uses examples like sodium and carbon to illustrate these reactions and the resulting chemical formulas.

Introduction [0:00]

The video introduces a chemistry lesson focused on preparing students for the "Prueba Saber" exam, specifically covering inorganic chemical functions. It's designed for chemistry students and aims to address topics not fully covered in class due to current circumstances. The lesson will focus on the chemical functions as a result of chemical reactions.

Metals vs. Non-metals [0:55]

The periodic table is divided into metals and non-metals. Metals tend to donate electrons and are said to oxidize, while non-metals tend to gain electrons and are said to reduce. Recognizing these elements is crucial for understanding inorganic functions.

Reaction with Oxygen: Basic and Acidic Oxides [1:55]

Both metals and non-metals can react with oxygen, which exists as a diatomic molecule (O2). When a metal combines with oxygen, it forms a basic oxide, represented with the metal first, followed by oxygen (Metal + O). When a non-metal combines with oxygen, it forms an acidic oxide, represented with the non-metal first, followed by oxygen (Non-metal + O). Both basic and acidic oxides are binary compounds, consisting of two elements.

Formation of Hydroxides (Bases) [4:16]

If a basic oxide reacts with water, it forms a hydroxide (or base). The formula for a base includes the metal and the hydroxide ion (OH), represented as Metal-OH. For example, sodium (Na), a soft metal that easily donates electrons, reacts with oxygen to form a basic oxide. When this oxide is added to water, it forms sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

Formation of Oxyacids [5:12]

If a non-metal combines with oxygen, it forms an acidic oxide. When an acidic oxide combines with water, it forms an oxyacid. Oxyacids are identified by starting with hydrogen (H), followed by the non-metal element, and then oxygen (O). These are ternary compounds, made up of three elements. Examples include the formation of acid rain from nitrogen, sulfur, or carbon oxides combining with water.

Hydroxides: Detailed Explanation [6:57]

Bases, or hydroxides, result from a metal reacting with oxygen and then with water. Using sodium (Na) as an example, it has an oxidation state of +1, while oxygen has -2. The reaction between sodium oxide (Na2O) and water (H2O) forms sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The oxidation states of the metal and the hydroxide ion are crossed to determine the formula. Hydroxides typically have a pH between 7 and 14.

Oxyacids: Detailed Explanation [9:38]

Oxyacids come from a non-metal reacting with oxygen to form an acidic oxide, which then reacts with water. Carbon (C) is used as an example, with oxidation states of +2 and +4. Carbon with an oxidation state of +2 reacts with oxygen to form carbon monoxide (CO), an acidic oxide. Carbon with an oxidation state of +4 reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide (CO2), another acidic oxide.

Oxyacids Formation Examples [11:44]

Carbon monoxide (CO) reacts with water (H2O) to form an oxyacid, resulting in the formula H2CO2. Similarly, carbon dioxide (CO2) reacts with water (H2O) to form another oxyacid, with the formula H2CO3. These oxyacids have a pH between 1 and 7, indicating their acidic nature.

Conclusion [14:33]

The video concludes by summarizing the formation of hydroxides and oxyacids from metals and non-metals. Students are encouraged to complete a workshop on these inorganic functions, and a video conference will be held to discuss the topic further.