TLDR;
This video provides a step-by-step guide on how to calculate Islamic inheritance (waris) when a deceased person leaves behind a father, mother, and one daughter. It explains how to determine the shares of each heir based on Islamic law, including the concepts of 'asal masalah' (origin of the problem), 'siham' (shares), and 'asobah' (residuary). The video uses a specific example with a total inheritance of 120 million to illustrate the calculation process, including how to handle any remaining assets after the initial distribution.
- Determining the 'asal masalah' based on the fractions of inheritance for each heir.
- Calculating the 'siham' for each heir by multiplying the 'asal masalah' with their respective shares.
- Addressing the concept of 'asobah' and how it affects the distribution of remaining assets.
Introduction [0:09]
The video introduces the topic of calculating Islamic inheritance (waris), focusing on a scenario where the deceased (Mayit) leaves behind a father, mother, and one daughter as heirs. The total inheritance (irkah) amounts to 120 million. The presenter aims to demonstrate how to accurately determine the portion each heir is entitled to according to Islamic law.
Determining the 'Asal Masalah' (Origin of the Problem) [0:40]
To begin, the total inheritance (tirkah) is noted as 120 million. The next step involves determining the 'asal masalah,' which in this case is 6. This number is derived from the shares each heir is entitled to: the father receives 1/6 plus 'asobah' (residuary), the mother receives 1/6, and the daughter receives 1/2 since she is the only child. The 'asal masalah' is the lowest common multiple of the denominators of these fractions (6 and 2), which is 6.
Calculating the 'Suku Bagian' (Share Unit) [1:49]
The 'suku bagian' is calculated by dividing the total inheritance (120 million) by the 'asal masalah' (6), resulting in 20 million. This 'suku bagian' will be used to determine the monetary value of each heir's 'siham' (share).
Creating the Initial Distribution Table [2:20]
A table is created to organize the calculation, including columns for 'ashabul furud' (heirs), 'siham' (shares), and the final portion each heir receives. The heirs—father, mother, and daughter—are listed. Their respective shares according to Islamic law are 1/6 plus 'asobah' for the father, 1/6 for the mother, and 1/2 for the daughter. The legal basis for these shares is mentioned as Surat An-Nisa verse 11.
Calculating 'Siham' (Shares) for Each Heir [3:03]
The 'siham' for each heir is determined by multiplying the 'asal masalah' (6) by their respective shares. For the father, it's (6 * 1/6 = 1), for the mother (6 * 1/6 = 1), and for the daughter (6 * 1/2 = 3). These 'siham' represent the proportion each heir will receive from the inheritance.
Determining the Initial Portion for Each Heir [3:43]
To find the initial portion for each heir, the 'suku bagian' (20 million) is multiplied by their respective 'siham.' The father receives (20 million * 1 = 20 million), the mother receives (20 million * 1 = 20 million), and the daughter receives (20 million * 3 = 60 million). It's noted that the daughter's share (60 million) is indeed half of the total inheritance (120 million), which aligns with her entitlement.
Addressing the Remainder ('Asobah') [4:41]
The total of the distributed portions (20 million + 20 million + 60 million = 100 million) is subtracted from the total inheritance (120 million), leaving a remainder of 20 million. This remainder is due to the 'asal masalah' (6) being greater than the sum of the 'siham' (1 + 1 + 3 = 5). According to Islamic law, this remainder is given to the father as 'asobah' because there are no male children.
Creating the 'Asobah' Distribution Table [5:47]
A second table is created to allocate the 'asobah.' The remaining inheritance of 20 million is assigned to the father. The 'asal masalah' for the 'asobah' is 1, and the 'suku bagian' is therefore 20 million. The father's 'siham' is 1, so he receives the entire 20 million as 'asobah.'
Final Calculation of Inheritance Distribution [6:41]
The final distribution is calculated by adding the father's initial share (20 million) to his 'asobah' share (20 million), resulting in a total of 40 million. The mother receives 20 million, and the daughter receives 60 million. Therefore, the father's total inheritance is 40 million, the mother's is 20 million, and the daughter's is 60 million.
