TLDR;
This video continues the basics of organic chemistry, focusing on IUPAC nomenclature, homologous series, isomerism, and characteristics of functional groups. It provides examples and step-by-step instructions for naming organic compounds and drawing their structural formulas. The video also includes practice questions from previous ICSE exams.
- IUPAC Nomenclature with examples
- Homologous Series and their characteristics
- Isomerism and its types with examples
Introduction [0:00]
The video serves as a continuation of the basics of organic chemistry, building upon the concepts introduced in the previous video. It aims to complete the discussion on fundamental principles, setting the stage for exploring alkenes, alkenes, and alkynes. The session will conclude with a review of past exam questions related to the covered topics.
Topics [0:52]
The video covers introduction to organic compounds, basics of structural formula, nomenclature along with the IUPAC nomenclature. It also includes how to write the name by looking at the structure, homologous series and isomerism.
IUPAC Nomenclature – Examples (Open Chain Hydrocarbons ) [2:07]
The video explains how to apply IUPAC nomenclature rules by working through examples of open chain hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes). The process involves selecting the longest carbon chain, numbering the carbon atoms, identifying the root word, and determining the suffix based on the type of bonds present. Prefixes are added for alkyl or halide groups. For compounds with double or triple bonds, the position of the bond is indicated in the name.
IUPAC Nomenclature – Examples ( Derivatives of Hydrocarbons) [13:52]
The video provides examples of naming derivatives of hydrocarbons, including alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and alkyl halides. The process involves identifying the longest carbon chain, numbering the carbon atoms, and determining the root word. The suffix is determined by the functional group present, and its position is indicated in the name. Alkyl halides are named using prefixes (e.g., chloro, bromo, iodo) with their positions indicated.
IUPAC Nomenclature – Examples ( Branched Chain – Alkyl ) [25:08]
The video explains how to name branched chain alkanes. The process involves identifying the longest carbon chain, numbering the carbon atoms, and identifying the alkyl groups attached to the main chain. The alkyl groups are named as prefixes with their positions indicated. The root word and suffix are determined by the longest carbon chain and the type of bonds present.
IUPAC Name to Structural formula [30:54]
The video explains how to draw the structural formula of an organic compound from its IUPAC name. The process involves writing the carbon skeleton based on the root word, locating the functional groups, locating the substituents (alkyl or halide groups), and satisfying the valencies of the carbon atoms by attaching hydrogen atoms.
Homologous Series [34:31]
The video introduces the concept of homologous series, which are groups of organic compounds with similar structures and chemical properties. The members of a homologous series differ from each other by a methylene group (CH2). Examples of homologous series include alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. The video explains how to write the homologous series for alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes using their general formulas.
Characteristics of Homologous Series [43:13]
The video discusses the characteristics of homologous series, including that successive members differ by a CH2 group and a molecular mass of 14 atomic mass units. All members of a homologous series have the same general formula and similar chemical properties. They can be prepared by the same general method of preparation. The physical properties of the members change gradually as the molecular mass increases.
Characteristics of Functional Groups [49:29]
The video explains the characteristics of functional groups, including that compounds containing the same functional group have similar chemical properties and are identified using the same type of tests. Compounds with different functional groups have different physical and chemical properties. There exists a homologous series of compounds containing a particular type of functional group.
Isomerism [53:18]
The video introduces the concept of isomerism, which is the phenomenon of existence of two or more compounds having the same molecular formula but different properties. Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different properties. Isomers may differ in physical properties, chemical properties, or both.
Types of Isomerism [56:57]
The video classifies isomerism into two types: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism. Structural isomerism is further classified into chain isomerism, position isomerism, metamerism, and functional isomerism. The video focuses on chain isomerism and position isomerism.
Structural Isomerism – Chain Isomerism [58:06]
The video explains chain isomerism, which is the phenomenon of existence of two or more compounds having the same molecular formula but different carbon skeletons. Examples of chain isomers include butane and isobutane, and the isomers of pentane (pentane, isopentane, and neopentane).
Structural Isomerism- Position [1:06:24]
The video explains position isomerism, which is the phenomenon of existence of two or more compounds having the same molecular formula but different positions of the functional group. Examples of position isomers include butane-1-ol and butane-2-ol, and but-1-yne and but-2-yne.
ICSE 2018 Ques. [1:08:12]
The video presents a question from the ICSE 2018 exam that involves completing a table related to the homologous series of hydrocarbons. The table includes general formulas, IUPAC names of the homologous series, characteristic bond types, and IUPAC names of the first members of the series.
ICSE 2019 Ques. [1:10:12]
The video presents questions from the ICSE 2019 exam, including the special feature of the structure of ethyne, naming a saturated hydrocarbon containing two carbon atoms, and giving the structural formula for acetic acid.
ICSE 2020 Ques. [1:12:13]
The video presents a question from the ICSE 2020 exam that involves drawing the structural formulas for 2,2-dimethylpentane and methanol. The video explains the steps involved in drawing the structural formulas from the names.
