TLDR;
This YouTube video by SSC Testbook is a comprehensive Static GK marathon, essential for students preparing for SSC and Railway exams, as well as defense exams like Agniveer, CDS, and NDA. The session covers Indian Constitution, amendments, Parliament, major historical battles, rivers, national parks, government schemes, festivals, census, and important facts.
- Covers key topics in Static GK relevant to various competitive exams.
- Includes detailed explanations and historical context.
- Offers tips and tricks to remember important facts and figures.
Idea of Constitution and Constituent Assembly [1:16]
M.N. Roy first proposed the idea of the Indian Constitution in 1934. The Swaraj Party was the first to propose the formation of a Constituent Assembly, also in 1934. The British government first accepted the demand for a Constituent Assembly in the August Offer of 1940, promising to allow its formation after India helped in World War II. The Constituent Assembly was established under the Cabinet Mission Plan. The assembly initially had 389 members from various groups, but only 284 members signed the Constitution in 1950.
First Meeting and Key Figures of Constituent Assembly [4:00]
The first meeting of the Constituent Assembly took place on December 9, 1946. Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha was appointed as the temporary president of the assembly. Two days later, Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the permanent chairman. H.C. Mookherjee was chosen as the first vice president of the Constituent Assembly. Jawaharlal Nehru presented the proposal for the assembly on December 13, 1946, which formed the basis for India's Preamble.
Sessions and Committees of the Constituent Assembly [7:28]
The Indian Constituent Assembly held a total of 11 sessions to create the Indian Constitution, taking two years, eleven months, and eighteen days. The Drafting Committee met 11 times to finalize the Constitution. The Provincial Constitution Committee was formed to integrate different provinces into the country. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and V.P. Menon played key roles in this committee.
Fundamental Rights and National Flag [8:42]
Fundamental Rights, as outlined in Articles 12-35, are justice-able and were borrowed from the United States of America. The national flag, designed by Pingali Venkayya, was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly on July 22, 1947.
Federal System and Official Languages [9:40]
India follows a federal system with a strong center, a feature borrowed from Canada. This system includes a division of powers between the central and state governments. The 8th Schedule of the Indian Constitution deals with official languages, with a total of 22 languages included. Amendments 21, 71, 92, and 96 are related to the 8th Schedule.
Schedules of the Indian Constitution [11:38]
There are a total of 12 schedules in the Indian Constitution. A trick to remember them is "Tears of Old PM": T - Union and Territories, E - Salary and Emoluments, A - Affirmation and Oath, R - Rajya Sabha seats allocation, S - Scheduled Areas, O - Other Scheduled Areas, F - Federal List, O - Official Language, L - Land Reforms, D - Anti-Defection Law, P - Panchayat, M - Municipality.
Key Articles Related to Judiciary and Constitution [13:38]
Article 124 discusses the establishment of the Supreme Court. Article 217 deals with the appointment of High Court judges, and Article 110 defines Money Bills. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is known as the father of the Indian Constitution.
Administration of Union Territories and Preamble [14:27]
The administration of Union Territories is managed by the President through Lieutenant Governors. Jammu and Kashmir is an exception, having both a Chief Minister and a Lieutenant Governor. The Preamble of the Indian Constitution includes the words "We, the people of India."
Writing and Adoption of the Constitution [15:40]
The Indian Constitution was handwritten by Prem Behari Narain Raizada using calligraphy. It took two years, eleven months, and eighteen days to write. Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the first elected president of the Constituent Assembly.
Key Articles: Amendments, DPSPs, and President [16:26]
Article 368 is related to the amendment process of the Constitution. Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) were borrowed from Ireland. Article 60 discusses the oath of the President, administered by the Chief Justice of India. Article 61 deals with the impeachment of the President, and Article 72 discusses the President's power to grant pardons. Article 75 states that the President appoints the Prime Minister and other cabinet ministers.
Key Articles: Untouchability, Exploitation, and Religious Freedom [18:12]
Article 17 abolishes untouchability. Article 19 guarantees the right to freedom. Article 20 protects the rights of those arrested. Articles 23 and 24 address the right against exploitation, with Article 23 focusing on human trafficking and Article 24 on child labor. Article 26 provides freedom to manage religious matters.
Key Articles: Special Provisions, Fundamental Rights, and President of India [20:18]
Article 371G grants special provisions to certain states. Article 32, part of Fundamental Rights, is considered the Heart and Soul of the Indian Constitution by B.R. Ambedkar. Article 52 states that there shall be a President of India. Article 51 promotes international peace, and Article 40 discusses Village Panchayats. Article 78 outlines the functions of the Prime Minister.
Key Articles: State Government, Ordinances, and Attorney General [22:43]
Article 164 states that the Chief Minister of a state will be appointed by the Governor. Article 123 grants the President the power to issue ordinances, while Article 213 grants the same power to the Governor. Article 76 discusses the Attorney General of India, and Article 165 discusses the Advocate General of the State. Article 72 grants the President the power to pardon, while Article 161 grants the same power to the Governor.
Key Articles: UPSC, GST Council, and Fundamental Rights [24:21]
Article 315 discusses the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). Article 316 deals with the appointment of UPSC members, which is done by the President of India. Article 279A establishes the GST Council, a constitutional body. The Finance Minister of India is the chairman of the GST Council. Articles 12-35 outline Fundamental Rights, which are justice-able and part of Part 3 of the Constitution.
Key Articles: Ordinances, Life and Liberty, and Equal Opportunity [26:34]
Article 213 grants the Governor the power to issue ordinances. Article 21 guarantees the right to life and personal liberty. Article 16 ensures equal opportunity in public employment. Article 12 defines the term "State." Article 30 grants minorities the right to establish educational institutions.
Key Articles: Emergency, Trafficking, and Education [28:37]
Article 352 allows the President to declare a state of emergency, which requires parliamentary approval every six months. Article 23 prohibits human trafficking and forced labor. Article 21A guarantees the right to education, implemented through the 86th Amendment in 2002 and enforced from April 1, 2010.
Key Articles: Attorney General, Consolidated Fund, and Village Panchayat [30:25]
Article 76 discusses the Attorney General of India. Article 266 deals with the Consolidated Fund of India, while Article 266(2) discusses the Public Account of India. Article 40, part of DPSP, promotes the establishment of Village Panchayats, reflecting Gandhian principles.
Key Articles: High Court, Joint Sitting, and Council of Ministers [31:40]
Article 226 grants High Courts the power to issue writs. Article 108 discusses the provision for a Joint Sitting of Parliament, borrowed from Australia. The President calls the Joint Sitting, and the Speaker of the Lok Sabha presides over it. Article 74 discusses the Council of Ministers.
Amendment Process and Key Amendments [33:13]
Article 368 outlines the amendment process of the Constitution. The 42nd Amendment in 1976 did not add the word "Limited." Article 51A, part 4A, was added through the 42nd Amendment in 1976, introducing Fundamental Duties from USSR. Sikkim became a state of India through the 36th Amendment in 1975.
Amendment Initiation and Panchayati Raj [35:27]
Amendments can be initiated in either the Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha, requiring a special majority. State governments do not have the power to amend the Constitution. The 73rd Amendment discusses Panchayati Raj, with Part 9 and Schedule 11 addressing related provisions.
First Election and Mini Constitution [36:52]
The first elections and the first amendment in India took place in 1951. The first amendment added the 9th Schedule, dealing with land reforms. The 42nd Amendment is referred to as the "Mini Constitution."
Reservation in Educational Institutions and Voting Age [37:44]
The 93rd Amendment discusses reservation in educational institutions, providing 27% reservation for OBCs in private and government institutions. The 61st Amendment reduced the voting age from 21 to 18, implemented in 1989.
Elementary Education and DPSP Importance [38:38]
Elementary education was made a Fundamental Right through the 86th Amendment, with Article 21A ensuring free education for children aged 6-14. The 42nd Amendment initially stated that DPSP is more important than Fundamental Rights, but the 44th Amendment corrected this, emphasizing the importance of Fundamental Rights.
Fundamental Duties and Disqualification of MPs [40:01]
Fundamental Duties were added through the 42nd Amendment. The 52nd Amendment in 1985 introduced the anti-defection law, adding Schedule 10 to address the disqualification of MPs and MLAs.
Unamendable Features and Right to Property [41:09]
Features like territorial integrity, federal system, judicial review, and parliamentary form cannot be amended. The right to property was removed from Fundamental Rights in 1978 through the 44th Amendment and made a legal right under Article 300A.
GST Amendment and Special Majority [42:56]
The 101st Amendment discusses GST, implemented on July 1, 2017. The Constitutional Amendment Bill for GST was 122. Special majority is required for amendments related to Article 368.
Anti-Defection Law and Article 21A [45:10]
The anti-defection law was first addressed in the 52nd Amendment. Article 21A was added through the 86th Amendment.
Special Majority and Panchayats [45:48]
Special majority is required for amendments related to DPSP. The 73rd Amendment discusses Panchayats, with Schedule 11 outlining related provisions.
First Amendment and Delhi as NCR [46:58]
The first amendment in 1951 was related to agrarian reforms. Delhi was declared the National Capital Region (NCR) through the 69th Amendment in 1991.
Reservation of Seats and Lok Sabha Membership [48:09]
The 79th Amendment discusses the reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The minimum age to become a member of the Lok Sabha is 25 years.
No-Confidence Motion and Lok Sabha Sessions [49:05]
A no-confidence motion can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha, requiring the signatures of 50 members and the Speaker's approval. If passed, the ruling government must resign. The Lok Sabha typically has three sessions in a year: Budget, Monsoon, and Winter.
Time Between Sessions and Budget [49:56]
The maximum time period between two sessions of the Lok Sabha is six months. Article 112 of the Indian Constitution discusses the budget.
Parliamentary System and Money Bill [50:42]
The Indian Parliament follows a bicameral system with three parts: Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, and the President of India. The Speaker of the Lok Sabha decides whether a bill is a Money Bill, which can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha.
Federal Structure and Father of Lok Sabha [51:56]
India uses a federal structure with a distribution of powers, including a Union List, State List, and Concurrent List. India follows a three-tier government system: central government, state government, and local government. G.V. Mavalankar is known as the Father of the Lok Sabha.
Parliamentary System and Lower House [53:09]
The parliamentary system is based on the Westminster model. The Lok Sabha, or lower house, currently has 543 members. Before 2020, the maximum number of members could be 552.
Interval Between Sessions and Architect of New Parliament [54:57]
The maximum interval between two consecutive sessions of Parliament should be six months. Bimal Patel is the architect of the new Parliament building.
Part of Parliament and Largest Parliament Building [55:50]
The Vice President, while the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, is not a part of the Parliament. The world's largest parliament building is the Palace of the Parliament in Bucharest, Romania.
Sengol and Highest Lok Sabha Seats [56:54]
The Sengol, a historical scepter, was given to Modi by priests during the construction of the new Parliament. Uttar Pradesh has the highest number of Lok Sabha seats, determined by population.
Absence from Parliament and Reserved Seats [58:25]
If a member of Parliament is absent without informing for 60 days, their membership can be revoked. In the Lok Sabha, 84 seats are reserved for Scheduled Castes and 47 seats for Scheduled Tribes, as per Article 330.
Nominated Members in Rajya Sabha and Indus Valley Civilization [59:54]
The number of members nominated to the Rajya Sabha by the President of India is to be answered in the comment box. The session then transitions to the Indus Valley Civilization. Key sites include Harappa (discovered in 1921 by Daya Ram Sahni), Mohenjo-daro (discovered in 1922 by R.D. Banerji), and Lothal, which was known as the Manchester of the Indus Valley.
Houses and Trade in Indus Valley Civilization [1:01:21]
The people of the Indus Valley Civilization typically built their houses using baked bricks. They traded with Mesopotamia.
Location and Main Feature of Indus Valley Civilization [1:02:10]
Mohenjo-daro is also known as the "Mound of the Dead." The main feature of the Indus Valley Civilization was its well-planned urban centers.
Dancing Girl and Knowledge of Horse [1:03:08]
A small bronze statue of a dancing girl was found in Mohenjo-daro. The people of the Indus Valley Civilization did not know about horses.
Pashupati Seal and Commercial Development [1:04:15]
The Pashupati seal depicts a figure with two deer at his feet, surrounded by animals like an elephant, tiger, buffalo, and rhinoceros. Commercial and economic development in the Indus Valley Civilization is evident from the seals used for trade.
Discovery of Mohenjo-daro and Dockyard [1:05:06]
Mohenjo-daro was discovered by R.D. Banerji in 1922. Lothal provides evidence of a dockyard and couple burials.
Indus Valley Sites and Rock-Cut Architecture [1:06:01]
Alamgirpur is located in Ghaziabad district. The oldest rock-cut architecture in Delhi is found in Dholavira, Gujarat, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Knowledge of Arches and Location of Sites [1:07:38]
The people of Harappa did not know how to construct arches. Sindh and West Punjab are located in Pakistan.
Bull Seal and Stone Seals [1:08:46]
The famous bull seal of the Indus Valley Civilization was found in Mohenjo-daro. Stone seals were rectangular in shape.
Street Intersection and Granaries [1:09:31]
Street intersections in the grid system formed right angles (90 degrees). Large granaries were found in Mohenjo-daro and Harappa.
Sites in Pakistan and Great Bath [1:10:36]
Harappa and Mohenjo-daro are currently located in Pakistan. The Great Bath of the Indus Valley Civilization is in Mohenjo-daro, with entrances from the north and south.
Script and Couple Burial [1:11:37]
The script of the Indus Valley Civilization is still undeciphered. Couple burials have been found in Lothal.
Dog Burial and River Location [1:12:25]
The burial of a dog with a human was found in Rupar. Harappa is situated on the Ravi River.
Main Occupation and Social Structure [1:13:00]
The main occupation of the people in the Indus Valley Civilization was agriculture. The social structure was egalitarian, without rigid social discrimination.
Correct Statement and Time Period [1:14:04]
The correct statement about the Harappan civilization is that they had a well-developed drainage system. The Harappan civilization existed during the Bronze Age.
Delhi Sultanate: Introduction and Key Figures [1:15:00]
The session transitions to the Delhi Sultanate. Ibn Battuta came from Morocco during the reign of Muhammad bin Tughlaq.
Slave Dynasty and Iqtadari System [1:15:42]
The Slave Dynasty was established by Qutb-ud-din Aibak in 1206. The Iqtadari system was introduced by Iltutmish.
Khilji Dynasty and Alauddin Khilji [1:16:51]
Jalaluddin Khilji founded the Khilji Dynasty, which ruled from 1290 to 1320. Alauddin Khilji aimed to be a "Second Alexander" and conquered Gujarat, Ranthambore, Chittor, Devagiri, and Warangal.
Standing Army and Irrigation Tax [1:17:52]
Alauddin Khilji created the first permanent standing army, paying them regular salaries. Firoz Shah Tughlaq introduced the irrigation tax.
Completion of Qutub Minar and Lodi Dynasty [1:18:53]
Iltutmish completed the Qutub Minar in 1220. The founder of the Lodi Dynasty is to be answered.
Jital and Tulugama System [1:19:29]
Iltutmish issued copper coins called "Jital" and silver coins called "Tanka." The Tulugama system, a military tactic, helped Babur defeat Ibrahim Lodi.
Amir Khusro and Loot of Devagiri [1:20:22]
Amir Khusro, known as the "Parrot of India," was a court poet of Alauddin Khilji. Alauddin Khilji looted Devagiri, also known as Daulatabad.
Chingiz Khan and Market Control [1:21:18]
During the Mongol invasion under Chingiz Khan, Iltutmish was the Sultan of Delhi. Alauddin Khilji implemented a market control mechanism to centralize wealth.
Successor of Iltutmish and Agriculture Ministry [1:22:35]
Iltutmish's daughter, Razia Sultan, was the first and last female ruler of Delhi. Muhammad bin Tughlaq established the "Diwan-i-Kohi," a ministry of agriculture.
Administrative Unit and Delhi Sultanate Timeline [1:23:25]
A "Pargana" was an administrative unit in the Delhi Sultanate. The Delhi Sultanate lasted from 1206 to 1526, comprising five dynasties: Slave, Khilji, Tughlaq, Sayyid, and Lodi.
Ibn Battuta and Alauddin Khilji's Court [1:25:06]
Muhammad bin Tughlaq appointed Ibn Battuta as the Chief Qazi of Delhi. Alauddin Khilji's court did not include Munim Khan.
Padmavat Movie and Jittal Meaning [1:26:05]
In the movie "Padmavat," Ranveer Singh played Alauddin Khilji, and Malik Kafur was also featured. In medieval India, "Jittal" referred to copper coins.
Sayyid Dynasty and Agra City [1:27:36]
Khizr Khan founded the Sayyid Dynasty. Sikandar Lodi founded the city of Agra in the 16th century.
Fruit Quality and Delhi Sultanate [1:28:41]
Firoz Shah Tughlaq implemented a measurement system to improve the quality of fruits. The session concludes the Delhi Sultanate section.
Battles: Tarain and Mughal Empire [1:29:34]
The First Battle of Tarain occurred in 1191, where Prithviraj Chauhan defeated Muhammad Ghori. The Second Battle of Tarain in 1192 resulted in Prithviraj Chauhan's defeat. The Mughal Empire was established in 1526.
Battles of Panipat and Khanwa [1:31:15]
The Second Battle of Panipat in 1556 was between Akbar's army and Raja Vikramaditya (Hemu). The Third Battle of Panipat in 1761 was between the Maratha army and Ahmad Shah Abdali's army. The First Battle of Panipat occurred on April 21, 1526. The Battle of Khanwa took place in 1527.
Battles: Chanderi and Ghaggar [1:32:51]
The Battle of Chanderi occurred in 1528. The Battle of Ghaggar took place in 1529. Babur was common in the battles of Panipat (1526), Khanwa (1527), Chanderi (1528), and Ghaggar (1529).
Battles: Chausa and Kannauj [1:34:31]
The Battle of Chausa occurred in 1539, where Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayun. The Battle of Kannauj, also known as the Battle of Bilgram, took place in 1540 between Sher Shah Suri and Humayun.
Battles: Haldighati and Plassey [1:36:14]
The Battle of Haldighati occurred on June 18, 1576. The Battle of Plassey took place in 1757 between Siraj-ud-Daulah and the British.
Battles: Second and Third Panipat
The Second Battle of Panipat in 1556 was between Akbar and Vikramaditya (Hemu). The Third Battle of Panipat in 1761 was between Ahmad Shah Abdali and the Maratha army.
Battle of Buxar and Freedom Struggle [1:38:23]
The Battle of Buxar occurred in 1764, involving Hector Munro representing the East India Company against Mughal, Bengal, and Awadh forces. The first Indian Freedom Struggle took place in 1857.
Battles: Talikota and Wandiwash [1:40:09]
The Battle of Talikota occurred in 1565. The Battle of Wandiwash took place in 1760, part of the Third Carnatic War between the French and British.
Battles: Karnal and Anglo-Sikh Wars [1:41:13]
The Battle of Karnal occurred in 1739 between Nadir Shah and Muhammad Shah Rangila. The Anglo-Sikh Wars took place between the East India Company and the Sikhs, with the First Anglo-Sikh War from 1845-1846 and the Second from 1848-1849.
Treaty of Purandar and Battle of Hydaspes [1:42:39]
The Treaty of Purandar was signed between Aurangzeb and Chhatrapati Shivaji. The Battle of Hydaspes occurred in 326 BC between Alexander and Porus.
Kalinga War and Battle of Chandaor [1:44:07]
The Kalinga War led to Ashoka's transformation. The Battle of Chandaor was between Muhammad Ghori and Jaichand.
Rivers: Indus and West Flowing [1:45:42]
The Indus River originates from the Kailash Range. The Tapti River is a west-flowing river.
Rivers: Kaveri and Doab [1:48:14]
The Kaveri River flows through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. The fertile land between two rivers is called a "Doab."
Rivers: Tista and Krishna [1:49:07]
The Tista River is a tributary of the Brahmaputra. The Krishna River mainly flows through Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh.
Brahmaputra River and Satpura Range [1:51:03]
The Brahmaputra River enters India in Arunachal Pradesh, where it is locally known. The Satpura Range is located between the Narmada and Tapi rivers.
Irrigation Canal and River Sangpo [1:52:41]
The largest irrigation canal in India is the Indira Gandhi Canal. The Brahmaputra River is known as the River Sangpo in Tibet.
Vridha Ganga and Tributaries of Ganga [1:53:55]
The Godavari River is also known as Vridha Ganga. The Indravati River is not a tributary of the Ganga; it is a tributary of the Godavari.
River Arrangement and Tributaries of Kaveri [1:55:37]
The correct arrangement of rivers from south to north is Kaveri, Krishna. The Amravati, Bhavani, Hemavati, and Kaveri are tributaries of the Kaveri River.
National Parks: Jim Corbett and Madhya Pradesh [1:56:32]
The oldest national park in India is Jim Corbett National Park, also known as Ramganga National Park. The state with the highest number of national parks is Madhya Pradesh.
