TLDR;
This video provides a detailed lesson on teaching the Quran, focusing on the Arabic letters, their pronunciation, and various conditions. It covers the classification of letters, including original and "fariah" (branch or mixed) letters, and explains how to properly pronounce single letters, incorporating the Arabian dialect. The lesson also touches on advanced concepts in Qira'at (recitation) and Tajwid (rules of pronunciation), emphasizing the importance of accurate pronunciation and avoiding deviations that could alter the meaning.
- The video explains the classification of Arabic letters into "mantuqoh" (sounded) and "maktubah" (written), as well as original and "fariah" letters.
- It emphasizes the importance of teaching the Arabic letters using the Arabian dialect to maintain the authenticity of the Quranic pronunciation.
- The lesson covers various conditions of letters, including single letters, letters with harakat (vowel signs), letters with mad (elongation), tanwin, sukun, and tasydid, providing a comprehensive approach to Quranic instruction.
Introduction [1:01]
The session begins with an introduction to the Al-Qur'an teaching school program at the Ibnu Abbas Mosque in West Bandung Regency. The aim is to discuss and teach students how to master the various states or conditions of letters in the Quran. The letter is the smallest part of the Qur'an, so mastering the letters is the first step to master reading the Qur'an.
Classification of Arabic Letters [3:40]
The Arabic letters are divided into two categories: "almantuqohah" (letters realized in sounds) and "almaktubah" (letters found in the mushaf). The "mantuqoh" letters, also known as "al-huruf al-hijaiyah," are 29 in number and were compiled by Al Imam Alit Asim Alisi based on the shapes of the letters. The "maktubah" letters, found in the Ottoman mushaf, are 28 in number. Al Imam Khalil bin Ahmad Al-Farahidi added the letter hamzah to the Arabic letters, which is why it is not considered an original part of the Uthmani rasem.
Original vs. Fariah Letters [8:17]
Scholars differentiate letters into two types based on pronunciation: original and "fariah" (branch or mixed) letters. Original letters are genuine and not a mixture of other letters, while "fariah" letters are a combination of two letters. There are approximately eight "fariah" letters, which are mixtures of two letters. For example, in the Al-Fatihah surah, the pronunciation of "ihdinaziratal mustaqim" involves a mixture of zai and shad, making it a "fariah" letter.
Purpose of Fariah Letters [14:04]
The purpose of "fariah" letters is "litakhfif," to make pronunciation easier. For example, some Arabs pronounce the letter shad in "sirat" with a mixture of s-sin, resulting in "ihdinasiratal mustaqim." This is justified because the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) also taught this recitation according to the science of qiraah. However, it is not permissible to replace the letter shad with shin, as it violates the reading of the Prophet.
Types of Fariah Letters [19:34]
The different types of "fariah" letters include:
- Hamzah read as tashil (between hamzah and alif).
- Alif read as imal (between alif and ya).
- Shad read like zai.
- Ya read like wau.
- Alif read as tafkhim (thickened).
- Lam read as tafkhim (bold).
- Nun not read as izhar (clear), but as ikhfa (hidden) or idgham (assimilated).
- Mim not read as id, but as ikhfa syafawi.
Detailed Explanation of Fariah Letters [22:45]
A detailed explanation of each "fariah" letter is provided, including examples and their specific characteristics. For instance, tashil involves reading a hamzah between hamzah and alif, while imalah involves reading an alif between alif and ya. The lesson also clarifies that some pronunciations, like shad with zai or wau with ya, do not exist in the narration of Hafs.
Naqal and its Application [34:25]
The concept of "naqal" (transfer) is discussed, particularly in the context of hamzah and sukun. Naqal involves transferring the harakat of a hamzah to the preceding sukun letter. However, it is emphasized that this concept is complex and should not be taught to beginners.
Fariah Letters in Fathurahman [40:59]
The lesson references the Fathurahman book, which also discusses "fariah" letters, particularly on page 80. It highlights examples like "basth" and "yabsut," emphasizing the importance of providing explanations when teaching these concepts.
Conditions of Letters to Teach [42:30]
The conditions of letters that need to be taught include:
- Single letters.
- Letters with harakat.
- Letters with mad (long reading).
- Tanwin.
- Sukun.
- Tasydid.
- Hamzah wasal.
Additionally, the lesson mentions "garibah" verses or sentences, which are unfamiliar and require special attention.
Teaching Single Letters [46:27]
Teaching single letters is beneficial for those who don't know the pronunciation form, enabling them to pronounce correctly. It also makes it easier for them to recognize fawatihus suar or alayat muqatah in the Quran. It is crucial to teach these letters using the Arabian dialect, avoiding Javanese, Sundanese, or other local dialects.
Pronunciation of Hijaiyah Letters [49:04]
The lesson provides a guide on how to pronounce the hijaiyah letters correctly, emphasizing the importance of qalqalah and other specific characteristics. It also clarifies that the first alif is actually hamzah, and the alif is the last letter before the letter ya.
Memorizing Hijaiyah Letters [53:25]
The lesson suggests using rhymes to help memorize the hijaiyah letters, but cautions against using rhythms that do not accommodate the correct readings.