QIYAS, Pengertian dan rukun-rukunnya

Brief Summary

The video explains Qiyas, which is analogizing a new problem to an old one with an existing law, based on a shared underlying cause ('illat'). It outlines the definition of Qiyas, its four pillars (the new problem, the original problem, the law for the original problem, and the shared 'illat'), and provides an example of equating the prohibition of drugs to that of khamr (alcoholic drinks) due to the shared 'illat' of causing mental and physical harm.

• Qiyas is analogizing a new problem to an old one with an existing law.
• Four pillars of Qiyas: the new problem (furu'), the original problem (asl), the law for the original problem, and the shared 'illat'.
• Example: Equating the prohibition of drugs to that of khamr due to the shared 'illat' of causing harm.

Definition of Qiyas

Qiyas is defined as analogizing or equating the law of a new problem with an existing law for an old problem. In Arabic, "kias" means measuring. Terminologically, scholars define it as connecting the law of a new problem to an original law because they share the same 'illat' (underlying cause). Another definition equates the law of the new problem with the origin of the law due to the shared 'illat'.

Four Pillars of Qiyas

There are four essential pillars for Qiyas to be valid:

1. Furu': The new problem or contemporary issue that needs a ruling.
2. Asl: The original problem, an old issue with an existing law.
3. Law of Asl: The established law for the original problem.
4. Illat: The shared underlying cause or characteristic that equates the new problem with the old one. This is the most critical aspect, as it provides the reason for applying the old law to the new problem.

Example of Qiyas: Drugs and Khamr

Khamr (alcoholic drinks) is prohibited because of its 'illat' which is its ability to damage the mind, nerves, economy, and family. While drugs may not be liquid like traditional khamr, they share the same 'illat' of causing harm. Therefore, through Qiyas, the prohibition of khamr can be extended to drugs because they share the same underlying cause for being forbidden, even though they differ in form. This analogy requires meeting the four pillars of Qiyas: identifying the new problem (drugs), the original problem (khamr), the law for the original problem (prohibition of khamr), and the shared 'illat' (causing harm).