TLDR;
This video by Nursing Chronicles provides a review of image-based questions relevant to the Nsheet exam. It covers various medical conditions and diagnostic signs, including types of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), signs of bulimia nervosa, indicators of melancholic depression, medications used for medical abortion, and congenital defects in newborns. The video aims to enhance viewers' understanding and recognition of clinical presentations through visual aids.
- Identification of different types of ECT based on electrode placement.
- Recognition of clinical signs associated with specific medical conditions.
- Knowledge of medications used in medical abortion and their administration.
- Understanding of congenital defects and common newborn conditions.
ECT Electrode Placement [0:09]
The video discusses different types of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) based on electrode placement. Bitemporal ECT involves placing electrodes on both temples and is known for its effectiveness and rapid response. Right unilateral ECT places one electrode on the right temple and another on the vertex, which reduces cognitive side effects. Bifrontal ECT involves placing electrodes above the outer cancellous areas of the forehead, which offers good efficacy and less memory loss compared to bitemporal ECT.
Russell's Sign in Bulimia Nervosa [1:54]
The video identifies abrasions and calluses on the knuckles as Russell's sign, a classic indicator of bulimia nervosa. This condition results from mechanical injury caused by the teeth during self-induced vomiting. The presentation includes scar abrasions and calluses on the knuckles and dorsal surface of the hand. Other conditions are differentiated: Koilonychia is associated with iron deficiency anemia, Osler's node with infective endocarditis, and Heberden's node with osteoarthritis.
Omega Sign in Melancholic Depression [3:09]
The video identifies the Omega sign, characterized by wrinkles on the forehead forming an omega shape, as a clinical sign associated with melancholic depression. Melancholic depression is a severe form of major depressive disorder. The shape of the wrinkles on the forehead will look like an omega.
Medications for Medical Abortion [3:59]
The video identifies the medications contained in a combination pack used for medical abortion as Mifepristone 200 mg and Misoprostol 200 mcg. The "Unwanted Kit" contains one tablet of Mifepristone and four tablets of Misoprostol, totaling 800 mcg of Misoprostol. This kit is used for medical abortions up to nine weeks of gestation and should be taken under medical supervision.
Barlow Sign for Hip Dysplasia [5:17]
The video explains the Barlow sign, a maneuver used to detect developmental dysplasia of the hip in infants. During the test, the examiner flexes the infant's hips and knees to a 90-degree angle and applies gentle pressure on the knees while bringing the thighs toward the midline. A positive test, indicated by a clunk, suggests that the femoral head is dislocated out of the acetabulum.
Subdermal Contraceptive Implant - Norplant [6:22]
The video identifies a subdermal contraceptive implant as Norplant, a long-acting reversible contraceptive method. The implant is inserted subdermally into the inner aspect of the upper arm under local anesthesia by a trained healthcare provider. Norplant is effective for up to 5 years.
Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot) [7:25]
The video describes a congenital defect where the foot is turned downward and inward as Talipes equinovarus, commonly known as clubfoot. This condition involves the foot turning downward and inward.
Acrocyanosis in Newborns [8:11]
The video identifies a condition seen in newborns shortly after birth as acrocyanosis, characterized by bluish discoloration of the hands and feet. The trunk remains pink, while the extremities appear bluish due to immature peripheral circulation and vasomotor instability. Acrocyanosis is normal in newborns for the first few hours after birth and typically improves with warming.
Hirschsprung's Disease (Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon) [9:24]
The video presents an X-ray image showing a transition zone with a narrow distal segment and a dilated proximal colon, a classical finding in Hirschsprung's disease, also known as Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon. This condition results from the absence of ganglion cells in the distal colon, leading to impaired peristalsis and functional obstruction. Diagnosis involves a plain X-ray of the abdomen and an X-ray with contrast enema, revealing a narrow distal segment and a dilated proximal segment.