TLDR;
This video provides an overview of social research, including its definition, historical development, and scientific nature. It emphasizes the importance of systematic and empirical investigation in understanding human behavior and societal phenomena. The video also touches on various research methods, data types, and the evolution of social research through different historical periods, highlighting the increasing use of advanced statistics and technology in contemporary research.
- Social research is defined as a systematic and empirical investigation into human behavior and societal phenomena.
- Social research is considered a science because it follows a methodical approach and standardized methodology.
- The history of social research is divided into five periods, each marked by advancements in methodology, statistical analysis, and the incorporation of technology.
Introduction [0:00]
The presenter introduces the topic of the video: definition, history and scientific nature of social research. She emphasizes the importance of social research in understanding human behavior and making informed decisions based on evidence rather than common sense.
What is Social Research? [1:25]
Social research is defined as a systematic and empirical investigation into human behavior or societal phenomena. It involves a methodical approach to gathering and studying data related to social problems or human interactions within groups. The systematic process, following established methodologies, is what makes social research a science, similar to natural sciences but focused on human beings.
Social Research as a Science [4:07]
Social research is a science because it employs a methodical approach and standardized methodology. Data is gathered, analyzed, and interpreted systematically, and reports are written following established paradigms within the social science realm. This systematic approach allows researchers to discover, verify, and refine knowledge about social groups and their interactions.
Data Collection and Analysis in Social Research [7:00]
Social research uses both primary and secondary data. Primary data is collected directly for a specific research purpose through methods like questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Secondary data, such as data from central banks or statistical bureaus, is data that has been previously collected. Both quantitative methods (using questionnaires for statistical analysis) and qualitative methods (collecting textual data) are employed, often combined in a mixed-method approach for exploration, description, and explanation of social phenomena.
Characteristics of Social Research [10:04]
Social research is scientific in its approach, involving interaction between ideas and evidence and using specialized tools for data collection. It focuses on accuracy and objectivity to avoid bias, and its approach should be reliable and valid. Social research aims to understand social regularities and irregularities, improve practical situations through applied research, and contribute to knowledge through theoretical research.
History of Social Research: Pre-1820 Era [12:46]
The pre-1820 era in social research is characterized by "gentleman scientists" or "armchair scientists" who did not collect data in the field. Philosophers like Aristotle, Aquinas, St. Augustine, and Plato provided solutions to problems based on reasoning rather than empirical evidence.
History of Social Research: 1820-1900 - Rise of Statistical Studies [13:48]
The period from 1820 to 1900 saw the rise of statistical studies, with researchers beginning to incorporate statistics to understand issues like poverty and health problems. This era marked advancements in methodology and measurement, with attempts to achieve greater accuracy in social research.
History of Social Research: 1890s-1930s - Development of Formal Methodology [14:33]
From the 1890s to the 1930s, social sciences experienced formal development with the rise of formal methodologies and analysis. This period saw the emergence of paradigms and the use of falsification to test the validity of theories.
History of Social Research: 1930s-1980s - Positive Science and Statistical Rigor [15:51]
The era from the 1930s to the 1980s was marked by positive science and a shift towards more rigorous statistical methods. Advanced statistics like ANOVA, multiple regression, and logistic regression were used, making it a period of statistical advancement in social research.
History of Social Research: Contemporary Era - Modern and Postmodern Social Research [16:34]
The contemporary social research era incorporates advanced technology, mixed methods, and triangulation. It moves beyond basic statistics to include advanced statistical analysis and qualitative methods like ethnographic approaches. This era also involves the use of artificial intelligence, new software, and programming to enhance the capacity for more precise and predictive research.
